[kubernetes]
The etymology of cyber


Cybernetics Plato (c.428 -347 BCE)
"Cybernetics saves the souls, bodies, and material possessions from the gravest dangers."
[f. Gk: "kubernetes" steersman; governor.] 1 .

André-Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
The future science of government should be called "la cybernétique" (1843)
2 .

Norbert Weiner,
Cybernetic: or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, Massachusetts: 1948.

William Gibson,
"Neuromancer" (NY: Ace Books, 1984,1994), p. 82.
redefined the word without defining it.
3 .



CybernetworkRobert A. Heinlein,
I Will Fear No Evil
(NY: Berkley Medallion, 1970), p. 66, 71.


CyberpunkBruce Bethke,4 .
"Cyberpunk" (Amazing Stories, November 1983).


CyberspaceWilliam Gibson,
Neuromancer (NY: Ace Books, 1984,1994), p. 4. 5 .
Forshadowed by short story appearing in Omni (1992)
6 .

John Perry Barlow,
(Electronic Frontier co-founder) 1990.

Bryon Gyson,
(holography developer) 1981-1983. [?]



HypertextTed Nelson (1969)

Vannaver Bush
"As We May Think", Atlantic Monthly: 1945. Described a "mesh of associative trails".



NetPaul Baron,
RAND Corporation researcher. 1960.

Robert A. Heinlein,
"I Will Fear No Evil"
(NY: Berkley Medallion, 1970), p. 151.



SurfingJean Armour Polly
`Surfing the Internet: An Introduction',
Wilson Library Bulletin, June 1992, 38-42, 155. 7 .


WebTim Berners-Lee (World Wide Web creator)
European Laboratory for Particle Physics
(CERN), Switzerland: 1990.

Vannaver Bush,
"As We May Think", Atlantic Monthly: 1945. Used the term as an adjective, not proper noun.


Notes:
1. Kevin Kelly, Out of Control Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Reading, Massachusetts: 1995. p. 119.<

2. A.L. Mackay, Dictionary of Scientific Quotations. (London 1994).<

3. "The microlights had been unarmed, stripped to compensate for the weight of a console operator, a prototype deck, and a virus program called Mole IX, the first true virus in the history of cybernetics."
William Gibson. Neuromancer. Ace Books, New York. p.82. <

4. http://www.lysator.liu.se/hackdict/split2/cyberpunk.html
"cyberpunk /si'ber-puhnk/ [orig. by SF writer Bruce Bethke and/or editor Gardner Dozois] n.,adj. A subgenre of SF launched in 1982(sic) by William Gibson's epoch-making novel Neuromancer (though its roots go back through Vernor Vinge's True Names.... to John Brunner's 1975 novel The Shockwave Rider). Gibson's near-total ignorance of computers and the present-day hacker culture enabled him to speculate about the role of computers and hackers in the future in ways hackers have since found both irritatingly naïve and tremendously stimulating. Gibson's work was widely imitated, in particular by the short-lived but innovative Max Headroom TV series."
Since 1990 or so, popular culture has included a movement or fashion trend that calls itself `cyberpunk', associated especially with the rave/techno subculture. Hackers have mixed feelings about this. On the one hand, self-described cyberpunks too often seem to be shallow trendoids in black leather who have substituted enthusiastic blathering about technology for actually learning and *doing* it. Attitude is no substitute for competence. On the other hand, at least cyberpunks are excited about the right things and properly respectful of hacking talent in those who have it. The general consensus is to tolerate them politely in hopes that they'll attract people who grow into being true hackers." <

5. "Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts... A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data..." --William Gibson (Neuromancer, page 51) <

6.The Oxford Dictionary of New Words Elizabeth Knowles. Oxford University Press, Oxford: 1997. (p. 79).<

7. The term appears to have first been used in its present context by Jean Armour Polly in an article entitled `Surfing the Internet: An Introduction', Wilson Library Bulletin, June 1992, 38-42, 155, though surfing analogies had been applied to various aspects of computing and information technology prior to this.
Provenance The Web Magazine. ISSN 1203-8954 - Vol.1, No.2 - March 1996 `Surfing the INTERNET' - Electronic Library and Archival Resources for Historians. Michael Organ and Catriona McGurk. <



Further references:
A Hypermedia Timeline:
http://cair.kaist.ac.kr/www/www/intro/guide/guide.14.html

Cybernetics page:
http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/TOC.html

Cybernation:
http://liberty.uc.wlu.edu/~hblackme/oed/oed1.html

Cyber definitions from The Hacker's Dictionary:
http://liberty.uc.wlu.edu/~hblackme/oed/cyber.html/A>
http://www.fourmilab.ch/autofile/www/section2_69_3.html


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